Nutrient Recycling by Eared Grebes in the Great Salt Lake
نویسندگان
چکیده
—Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in lakes can be impacted by numerous abiotic and biotic factors. Large animals, such as birds and mammals, may recycle nutrients within a system or bring them in from surrounding habitats or different landscapes. Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) congregate in large numbers in the fall on the Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, and may have an important role in recycling nutrients from macroinvertebrates back into the water column. We evaluated the role of Eared Grebes in N and P cycling within the GSL by estimating the magnitude of their nutrient recycling capacity. We estimated Eared Grebe population size on the GSL over 5 years at 300,000 to over 4,300,000 birds. We used a previously published food intake model to estimate monthly recycling of N (5 to 300 tonnes) and P (0.4 to 25 tonnes). The maximum estimates of N and P loading by Eared Grebes are about 25% of nutrient recycling in the GSL caused by turnover in the water column. Eared Grebes may speed up nutrient recycling, making nutrients available to primary producers sooner. The contribution of waterbirds to nutrient cycling is important for the entire N and P cycles within the GSL. RESUMEN.—Los ciclos del nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P) en los lagos pueden ser afectados por numerosos factores abióticos y bióticos. Los animales grandes, como aves y mamíferos, pueden asimilar nutrientes de hábitats circundantes o de diferentes paisajes, o reciclarlos dentro del sistema. Los individuos de Podiceps nigricollis se congregan en grandes números en la caída del Gran Lago Salado (Great Salt Lake [GSL]), en Utah, y podrían tener un papel importante en el reciclaje de nutrientes, por macro-invertebrados, para devolverlos a la columna de agua. Evaluamos el papel de P. nigricollis en los ciclos del N y P en el Gran Lago Salado, estimando su capacidad para reciclar nutrientes. Estimamos el tamaño poblacional de P. nigricollis en el GSL a lo largo de cinco años, siendo desde 300,000 a más de 4,300,000 individuos. Utilizamos un modelo de ingesta de alimentos publicado previamente para derivar un estimado del reciclaje mensual de N, en un rango de entre 5 y 300 toneladas, y de P, en un rango desde 0.4 a 25 toneladas. Los estimados máximos de N y P transportados por los individuos de P. nigricollis son, aproximadamente, alrededor del 25% de nutrientes reciclados en el GSL, derivados de la rotación de la columna de agua. Podiceps nigricollis podría acelerar el reciclaje de nutrientes haciendo que éstos estén disponibles para los productores primarios antes de lo que ocurriría si no estuviesen. La contribución de las aves acuáticas al ciclo de nutrientes es muy importante para todo el ciclo del N y P dentro del GSL. NOTE.—The SI equivalent of 1 tonne is 1000 kg or 1 Mg. 1Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322. E-mail: [email protected] 2Present address: USFWS Division of Migratory Birds, 11510 American Holly Dr., Laurel, MD 20708.
منابع مشابه
Stratification, sulfide, worms, and decline of the Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) at the Salton Sea, California
Anderson, T.W., M.A. Tiffany and S.H. Hurlbert. 2007. Stratification, sulfide, worms, and decline of the Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) at the Salton Sea, California. Lake Reserv. Manage. 23:500–517. Over the last half century the Salton Sea has been an important migratory stopover site for the Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis). However, in recent years there have been sporadic mass mortal...
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